On February 7th 2020, Patrick Zaki was coming back home in Egypt for visiting his family. At the arrival in Cairo, he was arrested on charges of “harming national security”.
He arrived from Bologna, where he was pursuing a European Master’s degree on Gender and Women Studies. As a defender of equality, freedom and human rights he was a researcher in a human rights organization based in Cairo, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights.
Dissemination of fake news and incitement to protest are the baseless accusations causing Zaki’s ongoing detention in Tora maximum security prison, as a political dissident. It was ordered by Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s Government and put in place by Egyptian National Security Agency. During the days of the arrest, he was forced to 17 hours’ interrogation while officers kept threatening, beating and torturing him with electric shocks.
On February 8th, Zaki was brought to a public prosecutor’s office, who ordered 15 days’ detention for pending investigation. From that day his detention has been renewed many times for additional 15 days at the beginning and then again for a further 45 days, until now.
This terrible event provoked many reactions by international communities, that protested for his release in many ways, everyone tried to raise their voice for this deplorable attack against human rights.
Our personal goal is to gather the most representative production about this event in a clear linked open data environment. We decided to focus on this historical event of abuse on human freedom because we strongly believe in the importance of the same ideals of justice that Patrick tried to normalize in his country.
We must talk about this story. We must do it aloud.
We chose the ten items we found the most expressive about the key concept of the detention of Patrick Zaki. For describing this event in an all-around perspective, we dealt with 4 different conceptual paths: the first explores the emotional point of view on the case, through the eyes of artists, that created visual artworks and music; the second is about contextual information on the environment involving Patrick in the past and in the present, with the item of the Master’s website he studied for and the building in which his detention is going on; then we explored a socio-political path, analyzing al-Sisi’s Government and Tora prison conditions through the objective eye of the reports by Human Rights Watch and one podcast from Italian Radio RAI. Lastly, we dealt with legal production about the event, working on the resolution made by the European Parliament and the Petition signed by Scholars at Risk.
We explored the possible technologies used in Semantic Web, such as vocabularies, ontologies, RDF and URIs. The aim of the project is to model a coherent linked open data project that will connect concepts, items, people, institutions and places involving the detention of Patrick Zaki, in order to display a semantically meaningful environment in the most integrated way possible.
"We are in tombs" Report on Egypt's Scorpion Prison
A report documenting cruel and inhuman treatment by officers of Egypt's Interior Ministry on the political prisoners of “Scorpion Prison”, the Maximum Security area of the Tora Prison, where basic international norms for the treatment of prisoners are disregarded on a daily basis.
© 2016 Human Rights Watch
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"We do unreasonable things here" Article on Al-Sisi's Egypt
A detailed article denouncing the State systematic crimes and abuses in the Egypt governed by general Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The undemocratic Egyptian authorities used arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances and torture. Egypt has blocked the website of Human Rights Watch just a day after the organization released this article.
© 2017 Human Rights Watch
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Tora Prison
The building of the Egyptian prison complex situated in Tora (in the south of Cairo), founded in 1908 and currently managed by the Ministry of Interior Mahmoud Tawfik.
Photo credits © 2016 DigitalGlobe – NextView
Item described on Deutsche National-Bibliothek
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European Parliament resolution of 18 December 2020
on the deteriorating situation of human rights in Egypt, in particular the case of the activists of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR)
The motion for a resolution, discussed and adopted by the European Parliament on 16-17th December 2020, with request for inclusion in the agenda for a debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy on the deteriorating situation of human rights in Egypt, in particular the case of the activists of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR).
© European Union, 2020 – Source: European Parliament
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Petition in support of Patrick Zaki
A petition signed by twelve universities and research institutes, that are members of the Italian section of Scholars at Risk, in support of Patrick George Zaki. With the letter, the subscribing entities express their solidarity to Patrick and his family and urge Egyptian authorities to release him unconditionally.
© 2009 – 2021 Scholars at Risk Network
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Website of the GEMMA Master's Degree
Official webpage of the Erasmus Mundus Master’s Degree in Women’s and Gender Studies (GEMMA), managed by the University of Granada (coordinator of the Course). The program also involves seven other Institutes across Europe, including the University of Bologna, where Patrick attended his class.
© University of Granada 2021
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"L'Abbraccio", Murales of Giulio Regeni and Patrick Zaki
The murales realized by the Roman street-artist Laika next to the Egypt Embassy in Rome in February 2020. The same portrayal was subsequently duplicated in Bologna, in the University area, considered by the author as the perfect setting for her poster, due to the efforts made by the city to request the release of the student.
By Laika, photo credits © 2020 Imagoeconomica
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"Freedom for Patrick Zaki" drawing
Illustration designed by Gianluca Costantini, activist, artist and author of graphic journalism. The item portrays Patrick with a chain wrapped around him, next to the claim “Freedom for Patrick Zaki”. A giant poster of the image is currently exposed under the Towers of Bologna.
By Gianluca Costantini, © 2020 Gianluca Costantini
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Podcast "L'Egitto dei militari a un anno dall'incarcerazione di Patrick Zaki"
Podcast, made by Rai Radio3 Mondo after one year of the student’s detention, which describes the Egyptian reality through the participation of several guests, like journalists, members of ONG Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) and Marise Zaki, sister of Patrick.
On RaiPlay, © RAI 2014
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Song "For Zaki"
By Andrea Marchesini & Marta dell'Anno,
Instrumental track, available on Spotify, performed by Marta dell’Anno and Andrea Marchesino. It was composed for the documentary “Waiting for Patrick”, directed by Valerio Lo Muzio.
© 2021 MID SIDE Aps ℗ 2021 Controra Records
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In hommage to the artists who produced beautiful drawings about this tragic event, we chose to highlight their works for the front-end of our website.
All credits go to Mauro Biani and Gianluca Costantini
The Entity-Relationship Model represents in a graphical way the interconnectivity between our ten items, centered around the event of Patrick Zaki’s detention.
Extracting from cultural institutions the metadata standard that were used to describe some of our items, we also had to choose some ourselves due to the recentness of the event.
Let’s define the correspondence between elements expressed in different vocabulary.
From an abstraction of our E/R model, we obtained a theoretical model, which enriched the set of entities and connections of the ten items. The predicates and classes are here still expressed in natural language, and answer to the four questions: Who?, When?, Where?, What?
The conceptual model is the result of an ontological approach applied to the theoretical model mentioned before. Let’s see the formal representation expressed through tables and a graphical map made with Graffoo.
Let’s move from Information to Knowledge!
In this final step data are described using an RDF statement serialized through Turtle. We populated the graph with the new URIs, providing the user a visual representation of the RDF graph.
Graduated in History and Computer Science at the University of my hometown Geneva, I am currently attending the DHDK Master at the University of Bologna. I'm a musician and programming enthusiast who came to Italy to finally decide where my heart goes between fondue and lasagna.
Graduated in Lettere at the University of Naples Federico II, I’m currently a student of DHDK at the University of Bologna. I’m a graphic and 3d modelling lover. For every tarantella there will be always a solution. That’s my point.
Graduated in Humanities at the University of Milan, I am now attending DHDK Master's Degree at Alma Mater in Bologna. I am a literature enthusiast and a web designer wannabe. People say Molise doesn't exist, but I am here to prove them wrong.